Atmospheric dispersion models are applied to determine the extent and consequences of what type of hazard?

Atmospheric dispersion models are specifically designed to analyze and predict how airborne contaminants, particularly toxic substances, will spread through the environment. These models consider various factors, including meteorological conditions, terrain, and the characteristics of the emitted substance, to estimate the extent of the hazard and its potential impact on humans and the environment.

The most relevant type of hazard for atmospheric dispersion modeling is airborne toxic substances. These substances, when released into the atmosphere, can pose serious health risks and environmental dangers as they disperse. The models help in identifying the areas that may be affected, enabling better emergency response planning and risk management.

While flammable materials can certainly pose hazards, they are not typically addressed by atmospheric dispersion models in the same context as toxic airborne substances. Similarly, solid materials, while they may present physical hazards, do not disperse in the atmosphere in a manner that requires the same modeling approach. Thus, the focus of atmospheric dispersion models on airborne toxic hazards justifies the selection of the answer that emphasizes the airborne toxic risk, which matches the objectives of such modeling efforts.